Falsified results: No prison for Calif. consultant over E. coli-tainted beef

MyNews LA reports a Downey man who falsely certified that beef being sold by his employer was free of E. coli bacteria — a lie that led to the recall of 5.7 million pounds of meat products — was sentenced Thursday to probation and home detention in what the judge called a “very difficult case.”

simpsons_lawyer-13207Jim Johnson, a four-decade veteran of the beef industry who worked as a consultant to the now-defunct Huntington Meat Packing Co., was also ordered by U.S. District Judge Fernando M. Olguin to pay a share of $307,000 in restitution.

Johnson, 68, pleaded guilty last year to a federal false-statements charge.

“There is no explanation for why he committed this crime,” Olguin said.

Huntington Meat was a Montebello-based meat processing and distribution company that sold raw ground beef used by other companies to make products such as beef patties and burrito mix. Under a food safety plan approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Huntington Meat was required to test its products for safety.

Johnson admitted that in 2010, he knowingly and willfully provided the USDA’s Food Safety Inspection Service with a fake Certificate of Analysis, which falsely stated that a beef sample from the company had tested negative for E. coli.

Subsequent lab results showed some of that meat was contaminated with the bacteria, which prompted food regulators to issue the recall.

There were no illnesses linked to the recalled beef, according to the USDA.

“I am truly sorry for what I have done,” Johnson told the court. “I never meant to hurt anyone.”

4 infants hospitalized, 4 others sickened due to E. coli outbreak on Kibbutz

Eight babies from Kibbutz Nir Or located near Gaza were infected with E. coli, four of which were hospitalized at Soroka Hospital in Be’er Sheva.

One baby is in serious condition, and two are suffering from kidney failure, according to reports.

The infection apparently originated from the petting zoo area of the Kibbutz. The Ministry of Health is currently performing tests and ordered to temporarily close the nursery where the children were infected.

‘We grind our patties in store every day’ so they’re safe, and other hamburger myths

Not sure who is worse here: the celebrity chef or the government regulators.

But they’re both wrong on the topic of shiga-toxin producing E. coli in hamburgers.

meatwad.raw.hamburgerThe stories pitch it as a “bun fight between health bureaucrats and burger bars over what makes a safe hamburger.”

And both sides are using erroneous information.

I don’t really care what people eat, other than what they feed to their kids, and that accurate information is provided.

A NSW Food Authority spokeswoman said council officers had approached the watchdog in recent months “concerned about the increase in businesses serving rare/undercooked burgers” and potential health risks.

The authority has sent revised “Hamburger Food Safety” guidelines to Environment Health Officers, attached to the state’s 152 councils.

“Mince meat should be cooked right through to the centre,” the instructions say, citing a temperature of 71C.

“No pink should be visible and juices should run clear.”

Color is a lousy indicator, as is juices running clear. The only way to tell if a burger is safe is to use a tip-sensitive digital thermometer.

Regulators, with all their talk of science-based activities, should know better.

The spokeswoman said if businesses wanted to cook using an alternative temperature, “they must be able to demonstrate that their cooking process is safe”. Burger bars that don’t meet the new guidelines face penalties up to $1540 per offence “for the preparation or sale of unsafe food”.

Sydney chef Neil Perry, who plans to open four Burger Project stores this year, cooks his patties to medium — about 60C. But he said the big difference is staff at his outlets grind meat fresh every day, making it safe.

“We can do medium-rare, which is about 55C, but we rarely get asked for that,” he said. “About 10 per cent of orders are for ‘well done’.”

Perry said the food guidelines serve as a “worst-case scenario” safety net.

“Those guidelines from the health department are important because a lot of burger places have their patties supplied by butchers and have already been minced,” he said.

Perry said bacteria starts growing as soon as meat is minced so chefs need to mince and cook on the same day and keep meat refrigerated at the right temperature:

“We grind our patties in store every day.”

So what?

Shiga-toxin producing E. coli are generally found on the surface of meat cuts (unless that meat has been needle tenderized). The process of mincing moves the outside to the inside, so rare is risky.

Those dangerous E. coli are also especially infectious, with as few as 10 cells thought to cause illness.

hamburger-safe and unsafe-thumb-450x138-175

Shiga-toxin E. coli in New Zealand cattle

Nationwide prevalence and risk factors for fecal carriage of Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in cattle were assessed in a 2-year cross-sectional study at four large slaughter plants in New Zealand.

cow-meatRecto-anal mucosal swab samples from a total of 695 young (aged 4–7 days) calves and 895 adult cattle were collected post-slaughter and screened with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of E. coli O157 and O26 [Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and non-STEC]. Co-infection with either serogroup of E. coli (O157 or O26) was identified as a risk factor in both calves and adult cattle for being tested real-time PCR-positive for E. coli O157 or O26.

As confirmed by culture isolation and molecular analysis, the overall prevalence of STEC (STEC O157 and STEC O26 combined) was significantly higher in calves [6·0% (42/695), 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·4–8·1] than in adult cattle [1·8% (16/895), 95% CI 1·1–3·0] (P < 0·001).

This study is the first of its kind in New Zealand to assess the relative importance of cattle as a reservoir of STEC O157 and O26 at a national level. Epidemiological data collected will be used in the development of a risk management strategy for STEC in New Zealand.

Nationwide prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in very young calves and adult cattle at slaughter in New Zealand

Jarosa1 c1, A. L. Cooksona2, A. Reynoldsa1, D. J. Prattleya1, D. M. Campbella3, S. Hathawaya3 and N. P. Frencha1

a1 mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

a2 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand

a3 Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand

c1 Author for correspondence: Dr P. Jaros, mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, IVABS, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 144, Issue 8, June 2016, Pages 1736-1747, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268815003209 

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5 outbreaks in 6 months will do that: Chipotle sales tank in Q1

USA Today reports that Chipotle posted a double-digit sales decline in the first quarter as the fast-casual restaurant chain works to restore its reputation after a spate of food-related illnesses hit its stores last year.

chipotle.burrito.vomitChipotle was dealt a swift blow when multiple instances of E. coli and norovirus shut down its stores and scared off customers starting last fall. The outbreaks prompted Chipotle, which built its reputation on preparing fresh food directly in stores, to adopt new food-safety policies and move more of its food preparation to a central kitchen, where it’s also testing certain ingredients for diseases.

In the earnings report out Tuesday, Chipotle said food costs accounted for more than 35% of revenue  in the quarter ended March 31, driven up by food-testing protocols and increased costs for pre-cut produce. That means for every dollar going into Chipotle’s cash registers, it spent about 35 cents on food costs.

The company has been investing heavily in marketing and promotions to entice customers back to stores. Promotional and marketing expenses totaled $55 million in the quarter, Chief Financial Officer Jack Hartung said on a conference call. The efforts appear to be working. Executives said on the call Tuesday that the company gave away more than 6 million burritos or burrito bowls in February and March. A mobile campaign offering free burritos to make up for the day Chipotle closed stores temporarily in early February to hold an all-staff meeting on food safety had a 67% redemption rate, said co-CEO Steve Ells.

diarrheaSales at stores open at least a year fell nearly 30%, and restaurant transactions fell more than 21% as Chipotle reeled from the fallout of the food-safety issues — although transaction volume improved as the quarter went on. While the promotions seem to be resonating with new customers, executives said the company is still working to get its formerly most loyal eaters back in stores.

Chipotle said total sales came to $834.5 million, down 23.4% from $1.1 billion in the year-ago quarter. That was well below analyst expectations for revenue of $863.2 million, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence.

Chipotle shares fell about 5% in after-hours trading on the news.

Tracing back to the farm: E. coli O157 from 2007 still going

Jim Romahn writes that beef producers should watch an unfolding court battle dating back to a 2007 E. coli O157 outbreak in the U.S. because it’s becoming clear that they could be in for huge legal costs if suppliers can prove their cattle came to market carrying food-poisoning bacteria.

forensic DNAThis could be particularly true if the producers failed to use a vaccine that is available to reduce the shedding of harmful bacteria. A recent survey found that only two per cent of producers use the vaccine.

Romahn explains that Cargill Meat Solutions successfully sued Greater Omaha Packing Ltd. for $9 million over E. coli contamination of its ground beef, but now Greater Omaha is petitioning an appeal court to hear the case again.

Henry Davis, president and owner of Greater Omaha Packing Ltd., says his company tested every shipment of beef trimmings to Cargill and did not find any E. coli O157:H7.

Omaha was also not Cargill’s only supplier.

But when Cargill filed suit in 2011, it said it was able to identify Greater Omaha Packing Ltd. as the source of the E. coli contamination that led to a huge product recall. It sought about $25 million.

“Greater Omaha’s position is simply that you cannot mix its raw materials that tested negative for E. coli O157:H7 with other suppliers’ raw materials that have never been tested for E. coli O157:H7 or used a different testing protocol and then blame Greater Omaha when the end product is contaminated with E. coli O157:H7,” said Davis.

The case revolves around hamburger produced at Cargill over two days in August 2007. 

Greater Omaha argues while both days’ production had the same E. coli O157:H7 link, Cargill used Greater Omaha’s raw materials in only one of those days’ production while two other raw material suppliers were used both days. 

One of those suppliers was located overseas and never tested for E. coli O157:H7, according to Davis. 

3 kids dead, 22 sick in Europe Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreak linked to dairy

A multi-country outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and affecting mostly young children has been reported in the last two months in Romania.bobby.crosier.e.coli.sep.15

Italy reported one related HUS case through the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) on 21 March 2016.

Overall, 25 cases were identified as associated with this outbreak, of which 19 developed HUS and three died. Twelve cases had microbiological and/or serological evidence of STEC O26 infection; 13 additional cases met the probable case definition by developing HUS, testing positive for another STEC O serogroup (O157) or by testing positive by PCR for stx1 and/or stx2 and eae genes.

Information collected from patients pointed towards a milk processing establishment (the Romanian operator) as a possible source of infection. The implicated milk processing establishment exported a particular type of cheese to four EU countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy and Spain) and one Italian importer further distributed this product to France and Germany. In Romania, one fresh cheese product made of cow’s milk produced by the Romanian operator tested positive for E. coli O26 not possessing stx virulence genes. Other dairy products produced by the Romanian operator tested positive for E. coli virulence genes stx1, stx2 and eae. In Italy, a STEC O26 strain (positive for stx1, stx2 and eae) was isolated from a sample of the cheese that had been produced by the Romanian operator, imported from Romania and consumed by the Italian child that later developed HUS (stool samples negative for STEC but serum samples positive for the presence of antibodies against the LPS of E. coli O26). The PFGE analysis suggests the potential involvement of multiple strains from a common source or from multiple sources. Multi-strain STEC outbreaks have been reported in the past [1]. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that the cases belong to a single outbreak associated with a source contaminated by different strains.

The epidemiological evidence linking some of the Romanian cases and the Italian case to the Romanian operator, in addition to the microbiological findings, are consistent with the hypothesis of a multi-strain outbreak. The last Romanian case associated with this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 14 March. The cheese consumed by the Italian case was imported in Italy from Romania on 1 March and had been produced on 18 February 2016 with an expiry date of 18 April 2016. A recall of the company products was undertaken in Romania as of 5 March and in Italy as of 15 March. Other Member States subsequently undertook recalls. According to information available at the time of conducting this assessment, the withdrawal of potentially contaminated dairy products following a recall has been limited in Member States, with the exception of Romania. It is therefore possible that affected products are still present in households, and detection of new cases cannot be excluded. In order to minimise the spread of the infection and investigate possible new cases in a timely manner, Romania, Italy and other Member States that are possibly involved could consider enhancing surveillance for HUS and STEC cases. Continued enhanced surveillance for HUS in children on a routine basis in Romania could provide further early warning of ongoing or new contamination events. The questionnaire used to interview some of the Romanian cases and the Italian case is available in English from ECDC upon request. If new cases are identified, these should be reported to the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for food- and waterborne diseases (EPIS-FWD). In such situations public health authorities could also consider conducting an epidemiological analytical study and including further food and environmental sampling in suspect premises to identify the vehicle of Multi-country outbreak of infection. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) on isolates detected so far should be carried out to provide more detailed information about possible links between cases. The investigation of the European dimension of this cross-border foodborne outbreak has demonstrated the added value of collaboration between Romanian and Italian public health and food authorities as well as ECDC and EFSA in enabling appropriate risk assessment and response.

 

Sheep go to heaven, goats go to hell: 41 sick as E. coli at Connecticut petting farm grows

More cases of E. coli have now been confirmed in connection to a dairy farm in Lebanon.

959978c3eb4288a90f1a4f44403753c2The Department of Public Health now says that 41 people have been diagnosed with E. coli after visiting the Oak Leaf Dairy Farm in March. The patients range in age from 9 months to 45 years old, with a median age of five. Of the 41 patients, seven are adults and the other 34 are under the age of 18. Of those under 18, 22 are under the age of five.

Of those who were diagnosed with E. coli, 10 were hospitalized, and one remains in the hospital. Also, three of the hospitalized patients were also determined to have hemolytic uremic syndrome, a rare but serious illness that affects the kidneys and blood clotting. The one child still hospitalized is one of the three who had HUS.

A table of animal contact-linked outbreaks can be found here.

Seek and ye shall find: Shiga-toxin E. coli and sick people in Michigan

Infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) by serotypes other than O157 (non-O157) have been increasingly reported in the United States. This increase in reporting is primarily due to the improvements in diagnostic tests.

seek.ye.shall.findWe analysed 1,497 STEC cases reported in Michigan from 2001 to 2012. A significant increase in the number of non-O157 STEC cases was observed over time, and similar incidence rates were observed for O157 and non-O157 STEC cases in certain time periods.

The odds of hospitalization was two times higher in O157 STEC cases relative to non-O157 STEC cases when adjusted for age and gender, suggesting that O157 STEC causes more severe clinical outcomes in all age groups.

The use of population-based surveillance to better define trends and associations with disease severity are critical to enhance our understanding of STEC infections and improve upon current prevention and control efforts.

Increasing incidence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Michigan and association with clinical illness

Epidemiology and Infection / Volume 144 / Issue 07 / May 2016, pp 1394-1405

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Road less traveled: Shiga-toxin E. coli cluster on farms and among farms separated by roads

The aim of this study was to examine the population structure, transmission and spatial relationship between genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter jejuni, on 20 dairy farms in a defined catchment.

road-less-traveledPooled faecal samples (n = 72) obtained from 288 calves were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for E. coli serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157. The number of samples positive for E. coli O26 (30/72) was high compared to E. coli O103 (7/72), O145 (3/72), O157 (2/72) and O111 (0/72). Eighteen E. coli O26 and 53 C. jejuni isolates were recovered from samples by bacterial culture. E. coli O26 and C. jejuni isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, respectively.

All E. coli O26 isolates could be divided into four clusters and the results indicated that E. coli O26 isolates recovered from calves on the same farm were more similar than isolates recovered from different farms in the catchment. There were 11 different sequence types of C. jejuni isolated from the cattle and 22 from water.

An analysis of the population structure of C. jejuni isolated from cattle provided evidence of clustering of genotypes within farms, and among groups of farms separated by road boundaries.

Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment

Epidemiology and Infection / Volume 144 / Issue 07 / May 2016, pp 1406-1417

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