Language and cultural barriers in food safety communication

Misti Crane of the Columbus Dispatch wrote yesterday that as part of an overhaul of food safety regulation in the city of Columbus (coincidentally, the site for the International Association for Food Protection annual meeting this year), a record number of restaurants have been brought before the city’s Board of Health.  Crane reports that beginning in 2005 the board took action (including probation, suspended operations or revoking licenses) against restaurants 82 times; in the previous 7 years there had been only 10 cases.  The more interesting part of the story to me is how the health department has addressed the sometimes-difficult barrier of interacting with different cultures as a regulator.

Crane writes about a city inspector relating an anecdote about cultural and language issues in a new restaurant:

After seeing some food-safety problems at Fiesta Time, a new Mexican restaurant in Clintonville, a city inspector realized he was facing a language barrier, came back to the office and talked to co-worker Vince Fasone.
Fasone, known as "Vicente" to Spanish-speaking restaurant owners and workers, paid a visit to Fiesta Time. In Spanish, which he speaks fluently after four years living in Mexico City, he explained the violations.
Then he scheduled an early-morning visit last week for staff training.
Fiesta Time co-owner Wendy Hernandez said she and her partner, Jose Bravo, don’t want to break rules and certainly don’t want to find themselves before the Board of Health.
Sometimes, the instructions a manager gives employees sink in better once they’re delivered by an outsider, especially one who speaks their language, Bravo said.

Working with food handlers of differing cultural and ethnic backgrounds can be a barrier in implementing food safety programs and practices.  Not being able to relate what to do, how to do it and most importantly why to do it, makes food safety training ineffective. Understanding different cultures and being able to put food safety in context for a variety of food handlers can differentiate good communication from bad communication.

Many health departments across North America have inspectors and program coordinators who are adept at adjusting their activities to different cultures, but some I have talked to have related that it is sometimes difficult to convince health boards and local politicians of this need.

Cat poop coffee

Brian for Cornell University alerted me to a new video that appeared on CNN this morning.

http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/offbeat/2008/01/05/mi.cat.poo.coffee.beans.wzzm

Cat poop coffee, or kopi luwak — otherwise known as the most expensive coffee in the world — is, according to wiki, coffee made from coffee berries which have been eaten by and passed through the digestive tract of the Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). The civets eat the berries but the beans inside pass through their system undigested. This process takes place on the islands of Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi in the Indonesian Archipelago, and in the Philippines (where the product is called Kape Alamid). Vietnam has a similar type of coffee, called weasel coffee which are coffee berries which have been defecated by local weasels. In actuality the "weasel" is just the local version of the Asian Palm Civet.

Lots has been written about cat poop coffee, but here’s a more graphic representation from a few months ago.

And don’t eat poop.

Kosher certification is causing consumer confidence in processors

Heather Sokoloff writes in today’s Globe and Mail that "As health-savvy consumers become more concerned about what is in their food, many non-Jews are equating kosher with safety and quality."

Doug begs to differ and wrote last week that "Fancy food does not mean safe food," even when the establishments are certified as kosher.

"The rabbi is more thorough than the guy from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency,"  insists a
nut- and dairy-free snack producer in Victoria.

Another processor claims that the four annual surprise inspections by the rabbi to her facility have caused her to "be more careful about plant maintenance and cleanliness than any government [inspection]."

The Orthodox Union, North America’s largest certifier of kosher foods, is now overseeing production at 6,000 facilities in 85 countries around the world. Real or imagined, consumer confidence created by producers’ kosher certifications seem to be great for business.

Queen Liz hip to YouTube

Amy and I finally got around to watching Helen Mirren’s Oscar-winning performance last night in The Queen, which documents the U.K. Royal family’s initially stultified response to the death of Princess Diana in 1997.

About an hour later, I e-mailed Ben Chapman, and said this is a good study in risk communication, we can use it in the classes we teach.

Today, the 81-year-old Queen Elizabeth II once again proved herself adaptable — at least more nimble than most American food producers, especially spinach growers — and launched her own special Royal Channel on YouTube.

The Associated Press reports that the queen will use the popular video-sharing website to send out her 50th annual televised Christmas message, which she first delivered live to the nation and its colonies on Dec. 25, 1957.

I was born in 1962 in the colony of Canada, and it was a Christmas tradition when I was young to watch the Queen’s broadcast on Christmas Day at my very English grandparents’ house, and then cuddle up with my grandmother over a heat register behind the couch and watch the Toronto Maple Leafs — the same Leafs who last won hockey’s Stanley Cup in 1967.

Buckingham Palace said in a statement today,

"The queen always keeps abreast with new ways of communicating with people. The Christmas message was podcast last year."

On Tuesday, Queen Elizabeth II’s annual Christmas speech can once again be downloaded as a podcast from www.royal.gov.uk. It also is being made available on television in high definition for the first time.

American baseball pitcher Roger Clemens has also continued his campaign to refute allegations that he used performance-enhancing drugs on Sunday as he released a video and agreed to an interview that will air on “60 Minutes."

Kids love the video.

New paper explores the role of neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics in Salmonella infections

Researchers at Michigan State University and the Michigan Department of Community Health conducted a study that showed that groups with lower educational attainment were less commonly represented among cases of salmonelloisis than their counterparts with higher education levels.
The group used data on income, education and race from the 2000 U.S. Census and laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis (1997-2006)from the Michigan Department of Community Health.

The authors write:
 
Our results suggest that education may play a significant role in health-seeking behavior and the predisposition for Salmonella infections at the population level.  The results are different from reported individual level epidemiologic studies that have found a higher level of foodborne infections among low education and low income groups.  This apparent discrepancy may be explained because individuals of higher income block groups might eat Salmonella-contaminated foods more frequently and be more likely to own Salmonella-reservoir pets, which increases the likelihood of contracting Salmonella infections compared to their counterparts with lower levels of education.

This paper provides further support to the idea that food safety communication materials should be better designed for specific target audiences.  A one-size-fits-all system, or catch phrases designed for a broad group of food handlers may not be the best approach.   Food handlers in homes, in restaurants, at church dinners (and the different socio-economic levels within these groupings) likely do not share the same risk perceptions, and communication materials should reflect this.

You can find the entire paper here.

Glowing cats

South Korean scientists have cloned cats by manipulating a fluorescent protein gene, a procedure that could help develop treatments for human genetic diseases.

As part of the procedure’s side effects, the cloned cats glow in the dark when exposed to ultraviolet beams.

The Ministry of Science and Technology said yesterday,

"It marked the first time in the world that cats with RFP genes have been cloned. The ability to produce cloned cats with the manipulated genes is significant as it could be used for developing treatments for genetic diseases and for reproducing model [cloned] animals suffering from the same diseases as humans."

Pregnant women not receiving food safety info

Researchers report in the latest Australian and New Zealand Journal of Health that in a survey of 586 women attending antenatal clinics in one private and two major public hospitals in New South Wales between April and November 2006, more than half received no information on preventing Listeria.

It’s long been government advice that pregnant women should avoid soft cheeses, smallgoods, raw seafood and pre-prepared vegetable salads such as coleslaw because of their potential to contain the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria can produce a toxin that crosses the placenta and can cause miscarriages.

Lead researcher Dolly Bondarianzadeh, from the University of Wollongong’s School of Health Sciences, said,

"In my experience, food was not high on the list of health risk topics for doctors, nurses and midwives to discuss with clients. Our results show that when it comes to food, women who have enough information and knowledge from a trusted source change their eating behaviour."

"Health professionals who deal with pregnant women should all be raising the importance of educating women about food safety in pregnancy."

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommendations for persons at high risk, such as pregnant women and persons with weakened immune systems, includes:

-Do not eat hot dogs, luncheon meats, or deli meats, unless they are reheated until steaming hot.
-Avoid getting fluid from hot dog packages on other foods, utensils, and food preparation surfaces, and wash hands after handling hot dogs, luncheon meats, and deli meats.
-Do not eat soft cheeses such as feta, Brie, and Camembert, blue-veined cheeses, or Mexican-style cheeses such as queso blanco, queso fresco, and Panela, unless they have labels that clearly state they are made from pastuerized milk.
-Do not eat refrigerated pâtés or meat spreads. Canned or shelf-stable pâtés and meat spreads may be eaten.
-Do not eat refrigerated smoked seafood, unless it is contained in a cooked dish, such as a casserole. Refrigerated smoked seafood, such as salmon, trout, whitefish, cod, tuna or mackerel, is most often labeled as "nova-style," "lox," "kippered," "smoked," or "jerky." The fish is found in the refrigerator section or sold at deli counters of grocery stores and delicatessens. Canned or shelf-stable smoked seafood may be eaten.

The USDA risk assessment for listeria is ready-to-eat foods is available here

http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/rdad/FRPubs/97-013F/ListeriaReport.pdf

and one from the World Health Organization is here.

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/mra_listeria/en/index.html

Don’t eat your make-up

Just in case you had any ideas about it, Dairy Foods Safety Victoria took the time to point out that cosmetic products should not be used for human consumption.

The advisory is for several cosmetic dairy products on the market in Australia that customers may be tempted to consume as food. 

In the article, Anne Astin, CEO of DFSV, mentioned that these cosmetic products were not pasteurized. The sale of these products as food, therefore, would violate Australian law.

“Pasteurisation is important as it involves heating the dairy product to a high temperature for a short time which kills or inactivates all pathogens such as E.coli, Salmonella and Listeria," said Astin, also including that, "Pasteurisation has little effect on the flavour or nutritional value of the milk.” Way to sneak it in there, Astin.

iFSN believes that pasteurized milk is safer milk. And while we say you should consume your dairy products in whatever manner you’d like (provided you’re not giving a dangerous product to your children), we ask that you not ingest your make-up. It just seems wrong.

“Losing is a disease, as infectious as syphilis”

That’s what the shrink said to the baseball team mired in a losing streak in the movie, The Natural. Reminds me of the way China keeps stumbling through media 101 as Mattel announced a third global recall of Chinese-made toys.

Reuters is reporting this morning that China’s new Health Minister Chen Zhu said that hyping China’s food and product safety problem is a sickness in itself, adding,

"I must remind some friends that we are certainly extremely sensitive towards this problem, but over-sensitivity caused by only seeing part of the picture, in medical terms, is called an allergy. I want to tell everyone that they can have confidence in the quality of Chinese products and food safety."

The story says that China’s government insists the problem is a limited one, that the huge majority of its exports are up to standard and that the Western media in particular has been irresponsible in its reporting on the issue, intentionally fanning the flames.

Brewing coffee from cat poop

I noticed an interesting article today about how some people in Indonesia are using seeds picked from cat droppings to brew their morning cup of Joe.
According to ITN and Yahoo! News:
"Makers claim they gather undigested seeds from ripe coffee cherries, that have passed through the stomachs of civet cats and use them to make the drink.
It has been suggested enzymes in the animal’s stomach break down the proteins in the seeds and give them a bitter taste that enhances the flavour."
They may be right about the poop seeds affecting the flavor, but the safety risk of this practice is high. The filth that these seeds come from could contain E. coli or other fecal coliforms that can lead to health issues. We’ll keep an eye on this practice, but I wouldn’t be surprised if we hear about a few people getting sick off of this practice. Read the full article here.