L.A. Times says smart knife is on its way

This week, Neil Young, the greatest rock and roller of all time, released his version of the iPod, the Pono, at CES. The L.A. Times, equally enthralled by electronics buzz, predicts the future in food tech. Stuff like a smart fridges that generate shopping lists for you and suggest meals based on its contents.

And a magic negative ion shooting, bacteria fighting knife. I look forward to the efficacy data.

These ideas may seem far out, but they’re already being worked on: A smart knife that tests food’s freshness, nutrient content and bacteria level when you cut into it and keeps it fresher by infusing it with negative ions.

 

Opryland linked to outbreak; health officials think it’s norovirus

On my first trip to Nashville in 1999, Dani’s aunt (who we were visiting) took us to the Opryland hotel. We walked around for about an hour, grabbed some ice cream and took in the vibe. The drive down Music Row was more my thing, but the hotel was pretty impressive.
According to the Tennessean, at least 10 guests of Opryland have been treated for gastroenteritis, and it looks like the cause is norovirus. Screen Shot 2015-01-16 at 8.07.49 PM

Burba Isaacs, a vendor at a hardware trade show at Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center recently, said she and her husband arrived at the hotel on Jan. 7 and left on Jan. 10.

Around midnight Jan. 10, the Kentucky resident woke up “horrendously ill” with vomiting and diarrhea. She said her husband had developed similar symptoms.

“I haven’t been that sick in a long time,” Isaacs said by phone Thursday. “I have absolutely no idea (what happened).”

The hotel is trying to determine how many guests are experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms and seeking the health department’s help, hotel spokeswoman Jenny Barker said in an email to The Tennessean.

“The safety and health of our guests and employees is our top priority, and we are deeply concerned to learn of a number of guests experiencing symptoms of gastrointestinal illness,” Barker said. “We are providing health care services to all affected guests. To prevent further spread, additional precautionary sanitization measures have been implemented throughout the hotel.”
 
WSMV.com reports that health officials confirmed that at least one guest was ill with norovirus.

Poop emoji: Fecal fashion available through a junk mail near you

Emojis have become one of social media’s ways to entertain its users in its quest to draw people’s attention and there are tons of them.

fecal.fashion.emojiFaces with all sorts of expressions, different colored hearts, smiley devils, aliens, stars, hearts, musical notes, even fire are available by only a few taps on a smartphone’s virtual keyboard.

Which one seems to be catching on? Smiling poop.

In the design on a shirt being pitched by junk emails, the individual pile of poop with big eyes and smiles is triangular. Six piles with points coming together make a hexagon. Five of the emojis are smiling, but one is frowning. 

fecal.fashion

It’s a good thing: Restaurant inspection disclosure in Philadelphia

According to an editorial in the Philadelphia Inquirer, much about restaurants is a matter of taste, but we can all agree on minimizing the involvement of rodents and bacteria. Fortunately, a cadre of city food-safety inspectors stands between Philadelphia’s diners and its noroviruses. Unfortunately, their work is about as difficult to trace as a case of food poisoning.

inspection.philadelphiaIt’s not just that the city’s restaurant inspection reports are tucked away in an obscure corner of the Web, but also that any layman who takes the trouble to find them will be hard-pressed to understand their meaning and import. How many violations are too many? Which conditions are cause for the most concern? The Department of Public Health’s six-page explanation and annotation of its standard “Food Facility Inspection Report” will defeat all but the most curious and patient consumers.

It makes for a stark contrast with the letter grades that restaurants in New York and Los Angeles have to display prominently. Although New Jersey’s rules are less robust, its restaurants must post notice of whether their most recent inspections were “satisfactory.” Philadelphia mandates nothing of the kind.

Into this breach comes a searchable database compiled by The Inquirer and Philly.com and unveiled this week at philly.com/cleanplates. With nearly 70,000 inspection reports spanning the past five years, the database encompasses 12,000 restaurants and other institutions, from stadiums to schools. It also groups them by notable restaurateur (Stephen Starr, Jose Garces) and location (Reading Terminal Market, the airport). And it helpfully highlights the more serious and repeat violations, along with neighborhood averages for comparison.

Besides making food-safety findings more transparent, the database – like a separate effort by City Paper and AxisPhilly that debuted last month – showcases the work of about 35 so-called sanitarians and supervisors who handle the daunting task of inspecting 5,000 restaurants and 7,000 other kinds of kitchens. They have made substantial progress in increasing the frequency of inspections to at least yearly for most establishments, while honing their focus on the conditions most likely to cause food-borne illnesses.

But the reports also reveal that repeat violators present one of the greatest challenges to the city. That may be because the inspectors prefer a collaborative approach that works well for most establishments but fails when eateries lack the will or ability to address persistent problems. Health officials don’t have the power to impose major penalties, so they rely on other departments and the courts to take action in the most recalcitrant cases, with uneven results.

Greater transparency would be a relatively easy and inexpensive remedy. Given the restaurant industry’s importance to Philadelphia, it’s puzzling that the city has done so little to help consumers reward good practices. From a simplified rating system to mandatory public notices, the city has a range of options for appealing to the public appetite for food safety.

Hundreds fail food safety inspections across South Yorkshire, UK

Almost 800 businesses across South Yorkshire have failed food safety inspections in the past two-and-a-half years.

zero.failFigures from the Food Standards Agency show 764 firms across the region are currently listed as failing to meet the minimum three out of five-star rating in inspections.

More than 270 businesses in Rotherham were not up to standard, along with 195 in Sheffield, 167 in Doncaster and 127 in Barnsley.

Food inspectors rated 27 companies as zero stars – requiring them to make ‘urgent improvements’ to their hygiene standards.

Four Sheffield businesses – Chikoo’s Takeaway on London Road, Koh-I-Noor on Handsworth Road, Wincobank Deli on Wincobank Avenue and Charley’s Pantry on Wostenholm Road – have received zero-star ratings ordering urgent improvements to be carried out.

Chikoo’s was found to have evidence of mice in its cellar. A spokesman for Chikoo’s said since the July inspection which resulted in a zero rating, improvements have been made and a subsequent inspection has taken place.

Michael Bluff, principal officer for Sheffield Council’s food safety team, said the business was re-inspected on December 17 and has made ‘significant improvements’, with a new rating to be issued in early January.

Rashid Mahmood, owner of Koh-I-Noor for around 18 years, said standards have improved since the inspection which resulted in the zero rating in September.

Inspectors had found food in a walk-in chiller did not have use-by dates attached, while food handlers were observed not washing their hands correctly.

Mr Mahmood said there had been subsequent visits by food inspectors and the restaurant was hopefully of having a higher rating reinstated in the near future. He said he had not been on site when the September inspection occurred and said he understands the restaurant will soon return to its normal high rating.

“We have never had any complaints from anywhere,” he said.

“Everything is spotless and it is all nice and tidy. I’m really strict with my staff and it will never happen again.”

Fancy food ain’t safe food, Spain edition: Food poisoning sucks even for food safety experts

Elizabeth Meltz, Director of Environmental Health for Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group (B&BHG), writes on Mario Batali’s blog that even for a healthy person, food poisoning sucks. If you are remembering the last time you had it and thinking it wasn’t that bad, you are lying to yourself. (The joke goes: First you are afraid you’re going to die and then you are afraid you are not going to die.) For a person with a compromised immune system of any kind, it could truly mean death.

elizabeth meltz_headshotAnother common part of my job is following up with the (very few) complaints of foodborne illness we might get from guests. It is very difficult for anyone (myself included) to ascertain what made them sick and when. Incubation periods, and correspondingly, onset times for the most common food forms of foodborne illness: Staphylococcus auerus, E. coli, Salmonella, etc. vary greatly. Salmonella, the most common cause of food borne illness, has an average onset time of 18 to 36 hours. So though people usually assume it was the last thing (or place) they ate that made them sick, it quite often is not.

My job and my personal life made a head on collision last week. My father had a successful lung transplant a year and a half ago. He had a rare condition called pulmonary fibrosis, for which there is no other treatment. He was cleared for travel in the spring and wanted to celebrate by torturing us all with a family trip to Madrid. My husband, Alex, who also works for B&BHG, made lunch and dinner reservations for every day at a Michelin-starred chef’s latest outpost, or some other highly recommended haunt. We had every must-eat place in Madrid on our schedule.

We ate so well I thought I would die; around 1a.m. on Jan. 1, I really did think I would. I had been complaining of nausea since we finished dinner around 11pm. My mom just kept saying we had been eating too much, but I knew something was wrong. And then — I will spare you the details — I was lying on the bathroom floor, well aware that I officially had food poisoning. I was only the first to fall. My mom was sick within the hour and Alex was in writhing pain by 2a.m.

I was panic-stricken. If my dad gets sick, he could die. He’s on all kinds of immunosuppressant medication and his body can’t handle a bacterial or viral infection of any kind. I’m half moaning, half yelling to my mom in the other room, “Put dad on a plane now please!” I think she thought I was in a feverish state, which I was, but I was serious. He was still not sick, and neither was my brother, which gave me hope, but I was terrified.

Because the thought of food made me want to throw up more, I was struggling to go through what we had all eaten in the past few days to see what commonalities I could find to identify the culprit. Because of my dad’s condition, he doesn’t eat anything that’s raw, including vegetables, so that made the tuna tartar a good candidate. However Daniel, my brother, had eaten some of the tartar — maybe he just had a stronger immune system? The tartar was rolled into five separate piles, maybe his pile was handled differently?

So I spent New Year’s Eve in Spain in a pool of sweat, fighting back vomit as I pondered what made me sick and hoping my dad doesn’t die.

But I’m OK with this now. My dad didn’t get sick and die. And though I could have done without the refresher, it strengthened my resolve and reminds me of why we do what we do. No one, not even the healthiest person, should spend any night projectile vomiting. And no one should have to worry about taking a life or death chance when they walk into one of our restaurants.

Remember that Oregon strawberry outbreak? E. coli in deer feces

White-tailed deer are an important reservoir for pathogens that can contribute a large portion of microbial pollution in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes. The scarcity of experimental data on survival of microorganisms in and release from deer feces makes prediction of their fate and transport less reliable and development of efficient strategies for environment protection more difficult.

deerdropThe goal of this study was to estimate parameters for modeling Escherichia coli survival in and release from deer (Odocoileus virginianus) feces. Our objectives were as follows: (i) to measure survival of E. coli in deer pellets at different temperatures, (ii) to measure kinetics of E. coli release from deer pellets at different rainfall intensities, and (iii) to estimate parameters of models describing survival and release of microorganisms from deer feces. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study E. coli survival in deer pellets at three temperatures and to estimate parameters of Chick’s exponential model with temperature correction based on the Arrhenius equation.

Kinetics of E. coli release from deer pellets were measured at two rainfall intensities and used to derive the parameters of Bradford-Schijven model of bacterial release. The results showed that parameters of the survival and release models obtained for E. coli in this study substantially differed from those obtained by using other source materials, e.g., feces of domestic animals and manures. This emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive studies of survival of naturally occurring populations of microorganisms in and release from wildlife animal feces in order to achieve better predictions of microbial fate and transport in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes.

 Escherichia. coli survival in, and release from, white-tailed deer feces

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. February 2015 vol. 81 no. 3 1168-1176

Andrey K. Guber, Jessica Fry, Rebecca L. Ives and Joan B. Rose; M. W. Griffiths, Editor

http://aem.asm.org/content/81/3/1168.abstract?etoc

e.coli.O157.strawberry

Escherichia coli O104:H4: Effect of rifampicin and gentamicin

Background: A novel pathotype, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O104:H4, was the cause of a severe outbreak that affected European countries, mainly Germany, in 2011. The effect of different regimens of rifampicin and gentamicin were evaluated to determine possible treatment modes for the novel strain, and to evaluate the SOS response and its effect on toxin release.

kevin.allen.sproutMaterials and Methods: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on the novel E. coli O104:H4 pathotype and two pre-outbreak E. coli O104:H4 CDC strains. Transcript levels of the stx2 and recA gene (SOS response inducer) were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the novel E. coli O104:H4 samples subjected to different regimens of rifampicin and gentamicin. Consequently, reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) was used to determine the Stx2 titers in these samples. Western blot was performed to determine the LexA levels (SOS response repressor) in E. coli O104:H4. The efficacy of treatment with antimicrobial agents was assessed in BALB/c mice.

Results: The outbreak and pre-outbreak strains are closely related as shown by PFGE, which demonstrated slight genomic differences between the three strains. The transcription level of the stx2 gene in the new pathotype was 1.41- and 1.75-fold that of the 2009 EL-2050 and 2009 EL-2071 pre-outbreak strains, respectively. Moreover, the transcription level of the stx2 gene in the new pathotype was substantially decreased as a result of treatment with the different concentrations of the antimicrobial agents, but was enhanced when the antibiotics were administered at two subinhibitory levels. RPLA data were in accordance with the qRT-PCR results. E. coli O104:H4 exposed to gentamicin at both sub–minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels led to high transcription levels of the recA gene and lack of expression of the LexA protein, implying that the SOS response was activated. Rifampicin at both sub-MIC levels resulted in low transcript levels of the recA gene, indicating that the SOS response was not induced. In vivo, the highest survival rate in BALB/c mice was observed in the group that was treated with the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of gentamicin.

Conclusion: The use of antimicrobial agents in E. coli O104:H4 infection seems to be effective at the MIC and MBC levels. This provides a promising ground for treatment of E. coli O104:H4.

 

Effect of rifampicin and gentamicin on Shiga toxin 2 expression level and the SOS response in Escherichia coli O104:H4

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. January 2015, 12(1): 47-55

Fadlallah Sukayna M., Rahal Elias A., Sabra Ahmad, Kissoyan Kohar A.B., and Matar Ghassan M.

http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2014.1824#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=fpd

Antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts against foodborne bacteria

The antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b.

cauliflowerGrowth behavior was assessed under exposure to 5% vegetable byproducts added to the reference medium, buffered peptone water (0.1% [wt/vol]), at 37°C. Although the byproducts were not effective against L. monocytogenes, they were bactericidal against Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, and B. cereus. The most promising results were achieved with the cauliflower–Salmonella Typhimurium combination, because the bacterial population was reduced by 3.11 log10 cycles after 10 h of incubation at 37°C as a result of 5% cauliflower addition. Further studies were carried out for this combination, at different cauliflower concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15%) and at temperatures in the range of 5–37°C. The greatest inactivation level (6.11 log10 cycles) was achieved at refrigeration temperature (5°C) using 15% cauliflower addition. Both temperature and cauliflower concentration significantly (p≤0.05) influenced the Salmonella Typhimurium inactivation level. The kinetic parameters were adjusted to mathematical models.

broccoliThe modified Gompertz mathematical model provided an accurate fit (root-mean-square error (RMSE) [0.00009–0.21] and adjusted-R2 [0.81–0.99]) to experimental Salmonella Typhimurium survival curves describing inactivation kinetics of the pathogen to the antimicrobial effect of cauliflower byproduct.

 

Antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts against foodborne bacteria

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. January 2015, 12(1): 39-46

Sanz-Puig Maria, Pina-Pérez Maria C., Criado Maria Nieves, Rodrigo Dolores, and Martínez-López Antonio

http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2014.1801#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=fpd

Acid and plants (man) to reduce E. coli and Salmonella populations in ruminal microorganism fermentations

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria can live in the intestinal tract of food animals and can be transmitted to humans via food or indirectly through animal or fecal contact.

acidOrganic acid blend products have been used as non-antibiotic modifiers of the gastrointestinal fermentation of food animals to improve growth performance efficiency. However, the impact of these organic acid products on the microbial population, including foodborne pathogens, remains unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of a commercial organic acid and botanical blend product (OABP) on populations of the foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium.

Pure cultures (2×106 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) of each pathogen were added to tubes that contained water-solubilized OABP added at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% (vol/vol; n=3). Water-solubilized OABP reduced (p<0.05) the growth rate and final populations of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in pure culture at concentrations >2%. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were added (2×105 and 3×106 CFU/mL, respectively) to in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations that contained water-solubilized OABP at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% (vol/vol; n=3) that were incubated for 24 h. OABP addition reduced (p<0.05) final populations of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in the ruminal fluid at concentrations ≥5%. The acetate–to-propionate ratios from the in vitro fermentations were reduced (p<0.05) by OABP treatment ≥5%.

Treatments to reduce foodborne pathogens must be economically feasible to implement, and results indicate that organic acid products, such as OABP, can enhance animal growth efficiency and can be used to reduce populations of pathogenic bacteria.

 

Organic acid blend with pure botanical product treatment reduces Escherichia coli and Salmonella populations in pure culture and in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations

02.dec.14

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. January 2015, 12(1): 56-61

Grilli Ester, Bari Riccardo, Piva Andrea, Edrington Tom S., Pitta Dipti W., Pinchak William E., Nisbet David J., and Callaway Todd R.

http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2014.1826#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=fpd