I’d barf too: Stench from rotting lamb carcasses at Detroit market makes reporter vomit

Steve Neavling of the Motor City Muckraker writes:

The stench was so foul that I vomited.

lamb.carcass.detroitA dumpster at the Eastern Market was brimming with scores of rotting lamb carcasses Sunday afternoon, plainly visible to motorists along Gratiot Avenue in what is a clear violation of state law and a risk to public health. The Bodies of Dead Animals Act of 1982 requires carcasses to be burned, buried or passed off to a licensed processor within 24 hours of being slaughtered.

Eastern MarketWitnesses said the dumpster has been full of lamb carcasses for several weeks – or longer – but it’s unclear how often they are being picked up. Images from Google Maps appear to show the dumpster full of animal carcasses in October 2014.

It’s a cyclical thing: More awareness, more food safety reporting in Ireland

A razor blade in minced meat is among the items alleged to have been found in food products in 2014, according to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland.

2,783 complaints were received about food safety, while the number of calls to the FSAI was up 8%, compared to 2013.

Bike-logo-570x420The FSAI said the increase reflected, in part, a growing awareness among consumers of the need to report poor hygiene practice.

Consumer complaints included reports of food unfit to eat, suspected food poisoning, poor hygiene standards and incorrect information labelling.

Reports included allegations of food contaminated with glass and dead maggots, as well as other foreign objects including a cigarette found in a fruit brack; wire in takeaway food and a metal bolt found in a tin of grapefruit.  

All complaints received by the FSAI were followed up and investigated by the HSE’s environmental health officers.

The FSAI said the increased activity reflected a demand among food businesses for information about labelling requirements and resources for food business start-ups, as well as a growing awareness among consumers of the need to report poor hygiene practice.

All complaints received by the FSAI were followed up and investigated by the HSE’s environmental health officers throughout the country.

Food fraud: 20% samples had undeclared meat in UK lamb takeaway survey

The Food Standards Agency has today published the results of its survey of undeclared meat in lamb dishes from takeaway outlets across the UK. The testing was announced last year and was prompted by evidence of ongoing substitution of lamb for cheaper meats, such as beef and chicken.

sheep.wired.meat.feb.15Local authority trading standards and environmental health officers sampled 307 lamb dishes, such as curries and kebabs, sold from takeaway outlets. All were tested for the presence of undeclared species of meat. Dishes with sauces were also tested for undeclared allergens and the unauthorised use of additives.

Of the samples tested, 223 (73%) were fully compliant with food legislation, 65 samples (21%) failed because of the presence of non-declared meat, 12 samples (4%) tested  positive for the presence of undeclared allergens, including peanut and almonds proteins, and 7 samples (2%) were non-compliant because of the unauthorised use of additives.

The samples that tested positive for undeclared meat showed the presence of beef, chicken, and in one sample pork, although not sold as a halal product. Of these samples, 23 had levels of undeclared meat species below 1% which is more likely to indicate poor handling during processing rather than potential adulteration.

Local authorities have followed up on all samples where problems were identified and relevant action was taken including, in a number of cases, prosecution.

John Barnes, Head of Local Delivery at the FSA, said: ‘Consumers need to know that the food they buy is what it says on the menu or the label. The FSA is working with local authorities to identify potential problems and investigate. Where problems are identified, local authorities are taking corrective action, including prosecuting offending businesses where necessary. The FSA and local authorities are on the lookout for deliberate meat substitution and action will be taken to protect local consumers and legitimate food businesses.’

The FSA’s ongoing work to identify potential food fraud is being coordinated by the recently created Food Crime Unit. As part of this activity, the Food Crime Unit is working closely with local authorities, police forces, other Government departments, and the food industry to pool intelligence and take proactive action to protect consumers.

New Zealand dairy farmers use glass bottles and vending machines to sell raw milk from the farm

While Victorian regulators want to ban the sale of raw milk, in New Zealand it’s sold in on-farm vending machines.

village.milkDairy company Village Milk in Golden Bay, on New Zealand’s South Island, is selling up to 300-litres of raw milk a day from their on-farm vending machines.

Village Milk owner, Mark Houston, said the focus on safety was rigorous.

He said they had not had a health scare in their four years of operating.

“Our whole farm is totally geared for raw milk sales, so under our rules we’re allowed to do that but people have to come to the farm to buy it,” he said.

“The milk is prepared for drinking without processing and it’s incredibly clean and it’s incredibly high quality and it’s extensively tested.”

Dairy farmers in New Zealand are allowed to sell raw milk under a 50 year-old law allowing customers who live in remote areas to buy milk from their local farmer.

Raw milk producers have used the rule to increase farm sales.

Mr Houston said farmers are subject to Ministry for Primary Industries safety regulations.

“The risk management program covers everything,” he said.

“There are inspections of the stock, shed inspections, there’s a testing regime, there’s verification of the record keeping.

“It’s quite intense.”

In New Zealand individuals are allowed to purchase up to five litres of raw milk a day at a cost of $NZ2.50 per litre.

Once the milk enters the vending machine, it has 24 hours to be sold before it is replaced with a new batch the next day.

Dairy Safety Victoria is one organisation that wants to ban the sale of raw milk.

“A wide variety of organisms that can cause illness can be found in raw cow’s milk,” Dairy Safety Victoria said in a statement.

“No matter how carefully it has been produced, raw milk may be unsafe because it can contain these organisms that cause illness.”

‘Dark logic’ theorizing the harmful consequences of public health interventions

Amy’s been evaluating some potential graduate students, churning up some of her own graduate school missives, and is starting to realize what all writers must face: was that really insightful or just bullshit using fancy words?

dick.fingers.farleyI’ve been wondering the same thing about this paper one of our Canadian friends came across, that attempts to look at the possible harms of public health interventions, what the UK authors call ‘dark logic models.’

Seems to me the model has potential use in evaluating the cult-like clean-cook-chill-separate mantra in the absence of choosing wisely – sourcing food from safe sources.

I also don’t like the use of dick fingers in writing or talking.

Although it might be assumed that most public health programmes involving social or behavioural rather than clinical interventions are unlikely to be iatrogenic, it is well established that they can sometimes cause serious harms. However, the assessment of adverse effects remains a neglected topic in evaluations of public health interventions.

In this paper, we first argue for the importance of evaluations of public health interventions not only aiming to examine potential harms but also the mechanisms that might underlie these harms so that they might be avoided in the future. Second, we examine empirically whether protocols for the evaluation of public health interventions do examine harmful outcomes and underlying mechanisms and, if so, how. Third, we suggest a new process by which evaluators might develop ‘dark logic models’ to guide the evaluation of potential harms and underlying mechanisms, which includes: theorisation of agency-structure interactions; building comparative understanding across similar interventions via reciprocal and refutational translation; and consultation with local actors to identify how mechanisms might be derailed, leading to harmful consequences.

dick.fingers.stewartWe refer to the evaluation of a youth work intervention which unexpectedly appeared to increase the rate of teenage pregnancy it was aiming to reduce, and apply our proposed process retrospectively to see how this might have strengthened the evaluation.

We conclude that the theorisation of dark logic models is critical to prevent replication of harms. It is not intended to replace but rather to inform empirical evaluation.

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

Chris Bonell, Farah Jamal, G J Melendez-Torres, and Steven Summins

http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2014/11/17/jech-2014-204671

Campy in NZ: Just cook it still don’t cut it

The New Zealand Government is, according to the Herald, reviewing what a public health expert calls disgraceful levels of a dangerous bacteria in chicken.

campy.chickenNearly a third of carcasses examined as part of the Ministry of Primary Industries’ testing regime in the first half of last year were contaminated by campylobacter, the most common cause of foodborne illness in New Zealand, documents released under the Official Information Act reveal.

That is down from almost half of those tested in 2007, when new regulations were introduced to control the bug. But Otago University Public Health professor Michael Baker said the contamination levels were unacceptable.

“The industry has always argued that, ‘well, the consumer’s got to be responsible and cook it properly’, but most people don’t realize that raw chicken is about the most hazardous thing you can bring into your kitchen,” he told the Herald on Sunday.

“Most foods have bacteria on them, that’s just a fact of life. But there are some pathogens that we can’t cope with and campylobacter is one of them.”

Health ministry figures showed at least 6,837 people suffered from the illness in 2013. It also results in several deaths most years.

Former Green Party co-leader Rod Donald died in November 2005 of a heart infection after a bout of campylobacter. The source of the food poisoning was never proven.

Ministry for Primary Industries’ production and processing manager Sharon Wagener confirmed the department was reviewing chicken processing regulations to see what improvements could be made.

Wagener pointed out that the bacteria were easily killed by correct cooking so people had nothing to worry about if they cooked the meat properly.

“We’re not putting the onus totally on the consumer, we’re working with the producers to try to get [campylobacter levels] as low as possible,” she said.

Baker said it was disgraceful that campylobacter was still able to cause such mayhem. The main issue was cross-contamination, for which there were multiple opportunities from slaughter to the dinner table.

“Every week there are thousands of people making mistakes and there will be dozens of cases,” he said.

Although it was impossible to eliminate campylobacter from chicken, there needed to be far lower limits on the number of contaminated chickens and the levels of contamination, Baker said.

Food safety nerds: 2 methods for risk-based microbiological criteria for Campylobacter in broiler meat

Risk-based microbiological criteria can offer a tool to control Campylobacter in the broiler meat production chain.

HBO's "True Detective" Season 1 / Director: Cary FukunagaRecently two approaches have been applied to derive such criteria and to analyse their potential impact in terms of human health risk reduction: the risk-based version of the established microbiological criteria approach, that applies a microbiological limit (ML) for sample data, and the Danish “case-by- case” risk assessment approach, that applies a limit for the relative risk estimate (relative risk limit, RRL) based on sample data.

In this study, data sets from Sweden and Denmark are used to compare the performance of the two approaches in terms of efficiency, i.e. the balance between the residual risk after implementation of the criterion and the percentage of non-complying batches, and the attending uncertainty.

The analysis shows that the two approaches are equally efficient, and suggests that the RRL criterion is attended with less uncertainty. The two approaches are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Given the uncertainties attending the results of the analysis, more research in terms of data collection, risk assessment and uncertainty analysis would be needed to develop these risk-based criteria further.

Food Control, Volume 53, Pages 177-184

Maarten Nauta, Jens Kirk Andersen, Pirkko Tuominen, Jukka Ranta, Roland Lindqvist

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713515000341

Presence of mycotoxins in animal milk: A review

Mycotoxins can cause toxicity when ingested by humans and animals. Although the rumen is supposed to be a barrier against mycotoxins, some studies demonstrate that carry-over of mycotoxins to milk is possible.

cattle_mycotoxins1Different studies have found mycotoxin levels in animal milk, mainly related to contaminated feed for ruminants. Aflatoxin M1 is the most studied mycotoxin in milk and levels exceeding the EU maximum level for this mycotoxin in this matrix (0.050 μg/kg) have been found. Maximum levels in milk for other mycotoxins have not been established; however ochratoxin A, aflatoxins G1, G2, B1, B2 and M2, fumonisin B1, cyclopiazonic acid, zearalenone and its metabolites and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol have also been found in milk samples.

Taking into account that multi-exposure to mycotoxins is the most likely scenario and co-occurrence of mycotoxins could affect their toxicological effects in humans and animals, there is a need to determine the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in milk.

Food Control, Volume 53, Pages 163-176

Myra Evelyn Flores-Flores, Elena Lizarraga, Adela López de Cerain, and Elena González-Peñas

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713515000353

Coaching vs. enforcement: Wash. restaurant inspector says ‘I’m an advocate for public health’

Jerry Caird, the Thurston County environmental health specialist, is one of 6 inspectors who oversee more than 1,000 food establishments in Thurston County. That includes full-service restaurants, grocery store delis, fast food outlets and espresso stands.

olympia.wash“I’ve never worked in a restaurant in my entire life,” he said. “But I feel like I have.”

Instead, Caird has a bachelor of science in environmental health and extensive training on looking for food-related situations that can make people sick, such as room temperature potato salad, lettuce that’s contaminated with raw meat juice and workers who aren’t handling food safely.

He was an inspector for the state of Nevada for nine years, before taking a job with Thurston County 11 years ago.

“I think of myself as an advocate for public health,” he said.

Thurston County’s full-service and fast-food restaurants, along with its grocery store delis are inspected at least twice a year.

Cassie Andreotti, the manager at the Vic’s Pizzeria on Olympia’s west side, said she usually gets a little nervous when Caird shows up. But she said she appreciates the work he does.

“I think it’s incredibly important,” said Andreotti said during a recent inspection. “Without these guys, who knows what people would be serving.”

Businesses that only have a small amount of food preparation such as espresso stands, bakeries, meat markets and the non-deli sections of grocery stores are inspected once a year.

A typical inspection can take one to two hours, depending on the size of the kitchen.

“They’re all unannounced,” Caird said.

Most violations that are noted during an inspection are corrected immediately, said Sammy Berg, a senior environmental health specialist who supervises the county’s health inspectors.

“It’s not just to find people doing things wrong,” Caird said. “But to show them a better way that will help protect public health.”

Mom and pop businesses tend to struggle the most with food inspections, Berg said. One of the big reasons why is because a lot of fast food companies have their own corporate inspectors that are in charge of quality control, he added.

When problems are found, Caird said he tries to work with restaurant owners and managers to make sure there’s a pattern of improved scores.

“A lot of owners tend to focus on what the customer sees — the bathrooms, the dining rooms,” Caird said. “But they really should focus on the kitchen.”

Thurston County’s Environmental Health Division also tracks complaints that are emailed or telephoned in by consumers. The department had 226 complaints about restaurants in 2014.

Most of those were about possible food-borne illness that callers believed were picked up at local restaurants.

“The last thing you ate isn’t necessarily the thing that made you sick,” Berg said, adding that signs of a food borne illness can take 24 to 72 hours to appear.

If the department receives several phone calls that correlate to the same restaurant, they check it out.

Walk the talk: Role of animal husbandry, food safety, MC officials criticized in India

The role of officials of the Animal Husbandry Department, Food Safety Standard (FSS) and Municipal Corporation (MC) is under the scanner for giving a free run to a Shoghi-based private slaughterhouse. Two recent joint inspections during the bird flu scare has exposed that the slaughterhouse is not being run as per FSS norms as reports have pointed out blatant shortcomings there.

2015_2$largeimg08_Feb_2015_224402323The six-member team’s report of the slaughterhouse, run by the Goels Food World, Shoghi, which is with The Tribune, revealed that the slaughterhouse was compromising on health and hygiene as 20-30 dead birds were lying on the dirty floor. Also, the slaughterhouse had no rendering facility.

Besides, the staff used no protecting gears and the effluent treatment facility was non-functional. It had no veterinarian to conduct the ante-mortem and post-mortem of the birds and cull the dead or unfit birds, the inspection revealed. Though the slaughterhouse was being run since 2006, the unit was registered as a food technology unit.

The inspection was carried out on August 6, 2014, and followed by another inspection on December 27, which found similar shortcomings.

The report also exposed the paperwork being done by the government agencies. The six-member team included officials from the Animal Husbandry Department, MC, veterinary officers, Pollution Control Board, but no official from the Directorate of Health and the FSS was involved.

Neither the MC-run slaughterhouse here nor the private slaughterhouse was quarantined for bird flu, as mandated under the FSS rules and WHO norms for bird and swine flus, revealed health experts.

The Municipal Commissioner, Shimla, said they had issued a notice to the private operator to stop the unethical practice of selling uncertified meat in the municipal limits after the joint inspection report pointed out the shortcomings at the slaughterhouse. “We have set up a modern slaughterhouse and monitor it daily but we cannot check the private one directly as it falls outside the limits of the corporation,” he added.