33 scary things our moms didn’t know they had to be afraid of

I’ve had several people threaten to sue me over this image, and many others say how distasteful it is.

lettuce-skullBut I like it.

So, apparently, does BuzzFeed, which reprinted it without my knowledge a few days ago.

The time was 2005. Fresh produce outbreaks were mounting around North America, and the best leaders could come up with was cook, clean, chill, separate.

So we did our own take.

Or, a bunch of chats about what a bunch of bullshit passed for public discussion led to this: Christian did this on his own, in my house in Guelph, while I was off hanging out with this girl in Kansas.

He got it right.

We’re number 25.

Sick food workers a recipe for outbreaks

Denver Broncos kicker Matt Prater was sent home before practice for a third consecutive day because of a suspected Norovirus infection — in part, for him to recover and in part to prevent any other players from getting sick.

It’s a model that could well serve the food sector.

Mike Hughlett of the Star Tribune reports the spread that caterers served at two prep sports banquets last month betrayed no hint of what lurked matt.praterwithin.

Athletes from the Totino-Grace football team and the Fridley girls swim team dined on roast beef and rotisserie chicken at the prestigious Edinburgh USA country club.

The next day, the meal bit back. Students called in sick for school, parents couldn’t go to work.

They’d been hit by norovirus, the leading cause of foodborne illness. The likely culprit? Sick food service workers.

Since at least 2006, the Minnesota Health Department has concluded that sick workers were the likely or suspected cause of over 72 percent of all norovirus cases on average each year. “It’s one of the biggest problems in food safety, and arguably the biggest,” said Kirk Smith, head of the state Health Department’s foodborne disease investigation unit.

Restaurants and food service operators are supposed to have strong practices to keep ill employees out of the kitchen. But sometimes, policies aren’t adequate or properly communicated to workers, who vomitoften have an economic incentive to work because otherwise they won’t get paid.

“For these policies, it’s one thing to have them, and another thing to implement them,” said Jason Newby, Brooklyn Park’s code enforcement and public health manager. “At the end of the day, it starts with the manager. But the staff needs to tell management when they are sick, too.”

They often don’t. In a study published last month in the Journal of Food Protection, almost 60 percent of food service workers surveyed — including some in Minnesota — said they had worked while ill, mostly without management’s knowledge. Twenty percent of those worked at least once while vomiting or experiencing diarrhea.

We’re here to serve says bloated middle mgmt.; local watchdogs empowered in China food safety shake-up

Chinese provincial governments are quickly empowering local food safety watchdogs in line with the requirements of the central government to prevent food scandals.

Since the China Food and Drug Administration was launched during the cabinet restructuring of last March to supervise the full process of food olive.managmentproduction, circulation and consumption, a primary mission of provincial governments has been to correspondingly restructure their food safety monitoring mechanism.

During the reshuffle, the functions of quality inspection departments are intensified as they gain food safety jurisdiction previously held by health as well as industry and commerce departments.

While inspecting the work in central China’s Hunan Province in mid-January, Liu Peizhi, vice minister of the administration, urged provincial governments to complete the reshuffle as quickly as possible on the premise that the restructured outfits could have sufficient resources to fulfill the mission of the administration.

Yan Zuqiang, chief of the Shanghai Municipal Food and Drug Administration, said that one goal of the restructuring was to increase the number of grassroots inspectors.

Describing the human resources structure of the old monitoring mechanism as “olive-shaped,” with the higher management on the top and grassroots inspectors on the bottom largely outnumbered by middle management, Yan said that law enforcement at the grassroots level has been very weak. Shanghai municipal legislator Xu Liping agreed that the weakness of food safety supervision was at the grassroots.

“The number of inspectors cannot be increased infinitely. The key is to improve their competency and work style,” said Xu.

Food safety a habit: Indonesia

Chef Vindex Tengker told the Jakarta Post that Indonesians have so far been lucky that, despite a lack of awareness on food safety, things have been going rather well, adding, “I have spent 24 years working around kitchens around the globe. I’ve been in the US, Spain, Turkey, Japan and Vindex TengkerMexico; food safety is a problem everywhere. Food safety is attitude; it takes time to develop an attitude. You have to do it each and every day.” 

Wasis Gunarto, a general manager of a well-known cafe and restaurant franchise in Jakarta, said food businesspeople were in the dark about food safety standards and certification.

“We don’t have much knowledge on food safety standards from the government and which body is in charge of the certification,” Wasis said.
He said his company opted to cooperate with an international hotel chain and have their restaurant employees trained under international hotel standards.

“I think the government has a lot of homework to do in this food safety standards issue. They should not only focus on restaurant operators but also apply food safety standards on produce distributors and suppliers,” Wasis said.

The story notes the World Health Organization has devised five keys to safer food: clean; separate; cook; keep food at safe temperatures; and use safe water and raw materials.

As in source food from safe sources. FightBac folks, are you listening?

2800 sick; man arrested over Japan food poisoning

Japanese police have arrested a factory worker for allegedly poisoning frozen food with pesticides, in a case that sickened more than 2,800 people across the nation, news reports say.

Gunma Police Department arrested the 49-year-old man, identified as Toshiki Abe, who works at a frozen food factory in Gunma, north of Tokyo, run by a subsidiary of Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Japan’s largest seafood firm, according to public broadcaster NHK and other local media.

The suspect denied the allegations, while the motive behind the alleged crime was still unknown, NHK reported.

Local police officials declined to comment.

The subsidiary, Aqlifoods, received the first of a series of complaints in November, with a customer saying its frozen pizza smelled like machine Aqlifoods.pizzaoil.

But the firm did not announce a product recall until December 29, after tests found traces of a chemical called malathion, which is used as a pesticide and to treat head lice.

Food Safety Talk 54: Rubber dingus

Food Safety Talk, a bi-weekly podcast for food safety nerds, by food safety nerds. The podcast is hosted by Ben Chapman and barfblog contributor Don Schaffner, Extension Specialist in Food Science and Professor at Rutgers University. Every two weeks or so, Ben and Don get together virtually and talk for about an hour.  They talk about what’s on their minds or in the news regarding food safety, and popular culture. They strive to be relevant, funny and informative — sometimes they succeed. You can download the audio recordings right from the website, or subscribe using iTunes.

The show started with Don sharing his recent Systematic experience. Ben then wanted some help with a prevalence calculation, as prompted by his undergraduate lecturer Ronald Brooks. The guys then reminisced about their high school teachers before turning on the freezing weather and frozen food, thanks to AFFI-CON 2014.

In answer to a listener question on the 4-hour rule, Don shared his recent JFP paper. Similar calculations (also by Don) have been used by a Conference for Food Protection (CFP) committee to develop guidance on lack of temperature control during emergency situations. That guidance will be presented as part of the 2014 CFP.

Thanks to the book “I Wear the Black Hat”, Ben has really gotten back into heavy metal, especially Metallica, while Don’s been re-reading The Sandman. This got the guys into a discussion of DC Comics versus Marvel Comics.

In the IAFP History segment the guys covered the 1980’s, which saw the introduction of new technologies, like vacuum packaging and irradiation, the emergence of new pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter, as well as zero tolerance).

The guys then speculated about the Salmonella Stanley outbreak linked to raw cashew cheese, before turning their attention to the Fox and Donkey meat scandal in China and the potential zoonotic food safety risks associated with foxes.

Ben then got a buzz from the 12 Surprising things you can make with a coffee pot, because it reminded of his college days. He’s considering including the poaching chicken in a coffee maker as part of the dishwasher cooking research project discussed on earlier episodes. While there was plenty of wacky stuff on the interwebs over the holidays, this Wall Street Journal article about a frog in a Pret A Manger salad got Don all jumpy about Pret A Manger’s knowledge about pesticides and food safety.

The guys finished the show discussing the Food Safety News article on “How to Break a Foodborne Illness Story.”

In the after dark, Ben shared his work habits and this turned into a discussion of Don and Ben’s favourite Starbucks. The guys then shared some movies and TV shows they like, including Saving Mr Banks, American Hustle, Back to the Future (I, II and III), Honey, I shrunk the Kids, Despicable Me, Call the Midwife and Last Tango in Halifax.

Pukefest aboard Royal Caribbean’s Explorer of the Seas

How could I resist that headline, as my parents head for Florida for a cruise?

Cruise Law News reports there is an outbreak of gastrointestinal sickness of a large percentage of cruise passengers aboard Royal Caribbean’s Explorer of the Seas cruise ship.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that 281 passengers (9.21% of total passengers) are suffering from norovirus type vomit cruiseof symptoms. The symptoms include vomiting, nausea, headaches and diarrhea.

The pro-cruise site Cruise Critic calls the problem a “small outbreak” but the truth is that 9% is a high percentage.  It is not unusual for passengers not to report the illness in order to avoid being quarantined in the cabin or for crew members who rely on tips to keep working after they are ill. The total numbers are often under-reported. In addition to sick passengers, 22 crew members are reportedly ill according to the CDC. The CDC website states that an environmental health officer and an epidemiologist will board the ship in St. Thomas, USVI on January 26, 2014 to conduct an epidemiologic investigation. 

Hot water is ‘unnecessary and wasteful’ for handwashing – study

We’ve said for a decade hot water is not a factor in reducing microbial loads during handwashing. Friend of the blog Don Schaffner at Rutgers agrees.

And now, so do researchers at Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University.

We admit, warm water is often a preference, but scientifically, it does not handwash.south.parklower microbial loads.

And we all want to be evidence-based.

As reported in the European Cleaning Journal, using hot water for hand washing is unnecessary while potentially being harmful for the environment, but nearly 70 per cent of Americans believe hot water to be more effective than cold or warm water – despite having no evidence to back this up.

According to research assistant professor Amanda Carrico: “It is certainly true that heat kills bacteria, but if you were to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.”

She explains that pathogens can be killed by water at temperatures of 99.98°C – but hot water for hand washing is generally between 40°C to 55°C, and even at these temperatures the sustained heat required to kill some pathogens would scald the skin.

Carrico’s team found water as cold as 4.4°C to be just as effective at reducing bacteria as hot water if the hands were scrubbed, rinsed and dried properly. And they noted that hot water could even have an adverse effect on hygiene. “Warmer water can irritate the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside, which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria,” said Carrico.

And she adds that no water temperature is specified in official guidelines from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention nor the World Health Organization, which simply recommend using soap and water and scrubbing vigorously for at least 20 seconds followed by a thorough dry.

Now, about that 20 seconds …

handwash_infosht-2-7-08 copy

Perceptions, behaviors and kitchen hygiene of people who have and have not suffered campylobacteriosis: a case study

I usually say, those that have knowingly had foodborne illness are more likely to pay attention to restaurant inspection data, be more attentive shoppers and take extra care at home.

Maybe I’ve been talking out my ass.

Or maybe not; it’s hard to know based on the results of a small-scale UK study.

Researchers looked at self-reported kitchen behaviors and perceptions (surveys still suck) of people who have had campylobacteriosis in chickencomparison to people who have not had food poisoning. It also investigates microbiological kitchen hygiene within a smaller sample.

Follow-up surveys were done six months later and found that individuals who had not had food poisoning increased their optimism: it’s risk perception 101; things didn’t go bad yesterday so there’s a better chance things won’t go bad today.

And, as usual, there was a call for more effective food safety communication. No tips on how to do that.

Abstract

Whilst the scale of food poisoning in the home is not fully understood, the increase in sporadic cases of Campylobacter continues to place focus on home hygiene and domestic food safety practices. Domestic hygiene has rarely been identified as a risk factor for the incidence of campylobacteriosis but due to the high levels of sporadic cases of chicken.thingies.rawCampylobacter, cross contamination from kitchen practices remains of significant interest. Due to the complexities of human nature, finding the true risk perceptions and practices that take place in the kitchen is challenging, with social desirability bias affecting the results of surveys and optimistic bias influencing risk perceptions. This study looks at self-reported kitchen behaviours and perceptions of people who have had campylobacteriosis in comparison to people who have not had food poisoning. It also investigates microbiological kitchen hygiene within a smaller sample. The survey crucially includes a longitudinal element to investigate any change that may take place after a period of six months has elapsed. Optimistic bias was evident in both groups and no significant difference in perception was noted in the baseline study. However, the longitudinal study showed that individuals who had not had food poisoning increased their optimism, introducing a significant difference in optimistic bias between the two groups after six months had elapsed. Self-reported kitchen behaviours also exhibited a difference between the two groups, with the individuals who had campylobacteriosis responding more favourably with the exception of washing chicken and washing salad leaves sold in a bag. No evidence of kitchen hygiene differences could be found between the people who had suffered campylobacteriosis in comparison to people who had not had food poisoning. The results of the survey demonstrate that more effective food safety communication is required. Important messages such as ‘not washing chicken’ seem not to have been absorbed and the good practices become routine. These messages need particularly to be aimed towards people who may not perceive themselves as being at risk of getting food poisoning, such as the young, although the challenge of changing the practice of those who perceive themselves to be at low risk remains.

Food Control, Volume 41, July 2014, Pages 82–90

Caroline Millman, Dan Rigby, Gareth Edward-Jones, Lorraine Lighton, Davey Jones

Are you cereus?

Our usual evening schedule is dinner, a bit of hockey on TV and then wind the kids down with books or a bath before bed. Sometimes it takes 20 minutes to get them to sleep, sometimes 2 hrs. After losing a few meals by leaving our dinner leftovers out for too long due to an extended bedtime routine, we’re now in the habit of refrigerating extras before we sit down to eat.

Tonight’s risotto was packed up and chilling to avoid growing Bacillus cereus (linked to rice dishes 50 per cent of the time).

Bacillus cereus is sort of a fun pathogen (except for those who are affected by it): Two different toxic proteins can be produced by the bacteria as it grows. The one that causes vomit is preformed in food, the one that causes diarrhea is released by the bacteria as it grows in the body.

Turns out that toxin stability in food also plays a part in illnesses.

Effect of temperatures on the growth, toxin production, and heat resistance of bacillus cereus in cooked rice
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. February 2014, 11(2): 133-137. doi:10.1089/fpd.2013.1609
WangJun, DingTian, and OhDeog-Hwan

ABSTRACT
Bacillus cereus is capable of producing enterotoxin and emetic toxin, and Bacillus foodborne illnesses occur due to the consumption of food contaminated with endospores. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth and toxin production of B. cereus in cooked rice and to determine the effect of temperature on toxin destruction. Cooked rice inoculated with B. cereus was stored at 15, 25, 35, and 45°C or treated at 80, 90, and 100°C. The results indicated that emetic toxin was produced faster than enterotoxin (which was not detected below 15°C) at all the storage temperatures (15–45°C) during the first 72 h. Emetic toxin persisted at 100°C for 2 h, although enterotoxin was easily to be destroyed by this treatment within 15 min. In addition, B. cereus in cooked rice stored at a warm temperature for a period was not inactivated due to survival of the thermostable endospores. These data indicate that the contaminated cooked rice with B. cereus might present a potential risk to consumers. Results from this study may help enhance the safety of such food, and provide valuable and reliable information for risk assessment and management, associated with the problem of B. cereus in cooked rice.

And from the sort of obvious file, the authors say, “These data indicate that the contaminated cooked rice with B. cereus might present a potential risk to consumers.” Uh huh. It’s not just the data, but the many recorded outbreaks.